c. 9000 B.C:The development of agriculture began with the growing of crops and the domestication of animals in the Middle East.

c. 3500 B.C:A number of small cities, centres of world's first civilization, appeared Sumer, the lower part of the Tigris-Valley.

c. 3500 B.C:The Sumerians invented the first form writing. It was later simplified to wedge-shaped cuneiform writing, spread throughout the Middle East.

c. 3100 B.C:King Menes of Upper Egypt united Lower Upper Egypt.

c. 2500 B.C:The Indus Valley civilization began to in the cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa what is now Pakistan.

c. 2500-1100 B.C The Minoan civilization on the island of rose and fell.

B.C 2300's: Sargon of Akkad conquered the Sumerians united all Mesopotamia under his rule creating the world's first empire.

2166:Birth of Abram

2091:Abram goes to Egypt(canan)

2066:Birth of Issac

2006:Birth of Esau and Jacob

2000's B.C: The kingdom of Ebla rose and fell in Syria.

2000-1800:Book of Job was written by Job,42 Chapters,1070 words

1991:Death of Abraham

1929:Jacob left Beersheba and set out for Haran

1915:Birth of Joseph the dreamer

1898:Joseph sold into slavery

1885:Joseph is made ruler over Egypt

1859:Death of Jacob

1805:Death of Joseph

c. 1792-1750 B.C: Babylonia flourished under King Hammurabi.

1700's B.C:The Shang dynasty began its rule in the He Valley of China.

c. 1500-1100 B.C: The city of Mycenae was the leading and cultural centre on the Greek mainland.

c. 1595 B.C: The Hittites, a warlike people from what is central Turkey, conquered the Babylonians.

1526:Birth of Moses

c. 1500-1000 B.C. The Aryans of central Asia went to India.

1480-1410:First five Books of Moses was written

1450-1410:Book of Genesis was written by Moses,50 Chapters,1533 words

1450-1405:Book of Exodus was written by Moses,40 Chapters,1213 words

1445-1405:Book of Leviticus was written by Moses,27 Chapters,859 words

1445-1405:Book of Numbers was written by Moses,36 Chapters,1288 words

---:Book of Joshua was written by Joshua,24 Chapters,658 words

1446:Isreal leaves Egypt

1445:The Ten Commandments

1444:Isreal camps at Sinai

1444:First census

1443:First spy work

1440-586:Book of Psalms was written by David=73,Aasaf=12,Sons of Koreh=12,Solomon=2,Heman=1,Eathan=1 & Moses=1,Un known=48,Total=150+1 Chapters,2461 words

1407-1406:Book of Deuteronomy was written by Moses,34 Chapters,959 words

1407:Second census and Prophy of Balac

1406:Isreal Arrives in Canan

1406:Death of Moses

1390:Death of Joshua

1380-1045:Rule of Judges begins and they ruled 365 years

1375-1350:Book of Ruth was written by ---,4 Chapters,85 words

---:Book of I Samuel was written by Samuel(Nathan,Gath),31 Chapters,810 words

---:Book of I Samuel was written by Samuel(Nathan,Gath),24 Chapters,695 words

1367:Othniel,the first Judge

1367-1327:Shamgar,Abimelech,Tola,Jair,Ibzan,Elon,Abdon

1360:Death of Joshua

1309-1229-Ehud

1209-1169:Deborah the woman Judge

1162-1122:Gidayon

1105:Birth of Samuel

1080:Birth of Saul

1075-1055:Samsons rule

1050:Saul made King

1050:Book of Judges was written by Samuel,21 Chapters,618 words

1040:Birth of David

1025:David killed Goliath

1010:David is made King of Judah

1010:Death of Saul

1003:David is made King of Isreal

1000:Book of Proverbs was written by Solomon(Agoor,Lemuel),31 Chapters,915 words

1000:David captures Jerusalem

991:Birth of Solomon

997:David captures Rabbah

980:David counts his Army

970:David makes Solomon King

966-959:Solomon builds the Temple

965:Book of Song of Songs was written by Solomon,8 Chapters,117 words

935:Book of Nehemiah was written

931:Book of Ecclesiastes was written by Solomon,12 Chapters,222 words

930:Death of Solomon

930:Kingdom of Isreal divided as Judah and Israel

910:Asa King of Judah and Nadab King of Israel

875;Elijah started Prophsy

874:Ahab King of Isreal

872:Jehoshaphat King of Judah

857:Ben Hadad capterus Samaria

853:Death of Ahab

848:Elijah is taken to Heaven and Elisha started Prophsy

841:Jehu King of Israel

835:yovash King of Judah

814:Jehoahaz King of Israel

798:Jehoash King of Israel and death of Joel

797:Death of Elisha

792-749:Usiyavu King of Judah

793:Jonah started Prophasy

793-749:Yerobaham II King of Isreal

760:Amos started Prophasy

753:Hosea started Prophsy

750-735:Yodham King of Judah

742:Mica started Prophsy

740-680:Book of Isaih was written by Isaih,66 Chapters,1292 words

740:Isaiah started Prophsy

735:Ahaz King of Judah

722:Assieria conquered Isreal

715:Death of Hosea

715:Hiskiavu King of Judah

710:Book of Hosea was written

700-681:Book of Isaiah was written

697:Manasseh King of Judah

681:Death of Isaiah

663:Nahum started Prophsy

640:Josiah King of Judah and Zephaniah started Prophasy

630-600:Book of I King was written by Jeremiah,22 Chapters,816 words

627-586:Book of Jeremiah was written

627:Jeremiah started Prophasy

622:Laws are seen in Jeruselem

612:Babilon distroyed Nineve

609:Kingdom of Asseria distroyed

586:City of Jeruselem distroyed

586:Book of Lementations was written

580:Book of II King was written by Jeremiah,25 Chapters,719 words

571:Book of Ezekiel was written

539:Koresh conquered Babilon

539-333:Isreal under Persian rule

538-457:Book of Esra was written

536:Rebuilding the Temple

533:Daniel's vision

522:Dhariyavesh King of Persia

516:Zechariah Completed the Work of Temple

509:Formation of Roman Republic

486:Ahaswaresh King of Persia

483-471:Book of Esther was written by Mordecai,10 Chapters,167 words

479:Esther is made queen

475:Haman became Prime minister

473:First "Purim"festival

470-399:Socratees

465:Arthahshastavu King of Persia

458-430:Book of I Chronicles was written by Esra(Tradition of Yehuda),29 Chapters,942 words

458-430:Book of II Chronicles was written by Esra(Tradition of Yehuda),36 Chapters,822 words

450:Book of Esra was written by Esra(Tradition of Yehuda),10 Chapters,280 words

445-432:Book of Nehemiah was written by Nehemiah,13 Chapters,406 words

430:Malachi started his works and Chronicle was written

428-348:Plato

300:Arthasastra of Kaudalya

336-323:Period of Alexander the Grate

320-198:Palastene under Ptolomy's rule

272-232:Rule of Ashoka

167 Dec:Antiochus Eppiphanus uncleaned the Church

104-103:Aristobulus rule in Judaya

63:Palasteen under Rome

37:Rule of Herod

c.5:Song of Elizebeth to the vergin Mary (Hill Country of Judea)

5:Birth,Infancy,and purpose for future of John the Baptist (Judea)Announcement of Jesus' Birth to Joseph

4/5:Proclamation by the Angels,Thevisit of Homage by Shepherds,Jesus' circumcision

BC 4:**Birth of LORD JESUS CHRIST **(Bethelehem)

4:First Temple visit with acknowledgments by Semeon and Anna

4:Visit of the wise men

4:Jesus'parents take Him to Egypt and Massacre of innocents

2:Death of Herod and Joseph and Mary returned to Isreal

"New Testament Era"

1AD-36?  Life of Jesus Christ

1AD  First year in Christian calendar (a.d. = anno Domini) (see 525), Augustus 

 (Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus) is emperor of Rome

4/5:Proclamation by the Angels,Thevisit of Homage by Shepherds,Jesus' circumcision

6  Herod Archelaus deposed by Augustus; Samaria, Judea and Idumea annexed as 

 province Iudaea under direct Roman administration, cap. Caesarea

6-?  Quirinius: Legate (Governor) of Syria, 1st Roman tax census of Iudaea

6-9  Coponius: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea)

7-26  Brief period of peace, free of revolt and bloodshed in Iudaea & Galilee

7:Announcement of Birth of John(Jeruselem Temple)

7/6:Announcement of Birth of Jesus to the vergin Mary (Nazareth)

7-8:Jesus 12 years old visit the Temple

9-12?  M. Ambivius: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea)

12?-15  Annius Rufus: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea)

14-37    Tiberius I emperor of Rome, b. 42BC

20-48:Gondophornes ruled over Indo-Parthian Kingdom

25?  Assumption (Testament) of Moses, original Hebrew extant Latin (Apocrypha)

25-27:John's ministry begins

27:Jesus baptized,Jesus tempted,Calls first disciples,The first miracle,first stay in Capernaum

27:First cleansing of the Temple,Teaches Nicodemus,Co-ministry with John

28:Goes to Jeruselem for Passover,Famous Parables

29:5000 fed,Feast of Tabernacles

30:Begins last journey to Jeruselem

Spring 30: Sunday:triumphal entry

Monday:Fig Tree cursed and Temple Cleansed(Bethany to Jeruselem)

Tuesday:Jesus tells date of crucifixion

Wednesday:Preperation for the passover

Thursday pm:Passover Feast,Institution of the Lord's Supper

Thursday night:The grief of Gethsemane,Betrayal,Arrest

Friday:Trial,Suside of Judas,Led to Golgotha, 6 events of first 3 hours on cross,Burial of Jesus,Tomb sealed

Saturday:Women watch

Sunday:Women visit the Tomb,Jesus Appearance to Mary magdalene

Sunday afternon:Jesus Appearance to Two Desciples

26-36  Pontius Pilate: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea)

27-29?  John the Baptist begins ministry (Luke 3,1-2) (15th year of Tiberius)

27-34?  Jesus baptized by John the Baptist (Mk1:4-11)

33-34?  John the Baptist arrested and killed by Herod Antipas (Luke 3,19-20)

33-36?  Jesus' ministry

36?  Jesus crucified, Friday, Nisan 14th, March 30th, [Ref: John, Unauthorized 

 Version/Fox] Last Supper would have been Thursday evening. (7Apr30 & 

 3Apr33 possible Fri/14/Nisan crucifixion dates)

36?-65?  Period of oral tradition in Christianity between the time of Jesus and the time 

 the first gospel (Mark) is written, original Christians disperse throughout 

 Judea and Samaria (Acts 8,1ff), Peter leads the new Christian Church, 

 moves the Church headquarters to Rome

36?-67  Period Peter leads the new Christian Church, moves the church headquarters 

 from Jerusalem to Rome

36?-37  Paul of Tarsus has Stephen martyred and the Jerusalem church destroyed 

37  Paul of Tarsus is converted (Acts 9)

37-41  Gaius Caligula emperor of Rome, declared himself god

37-41?  Marullus: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea)

40  Paul goes to Jerusalem to consult with Peter (Gal 1, 18-20)

41-54  Claudius emperor of Rome, killed by poisoning by his wife Agrippina

44  James, brother of John, executed by Herod Agrippa I (Acts 12, 1-3)

47-48  Paul and Barnabas on Cyprus (Acts 13, 4-12)

48-49  Council of Jerusalem, 1st Christian Council, doctrine regarding circumcision 

 and dietary law is agreed to by apostles and presbyters, written in a letter 

 addressed to "the brothers of Gentile origin in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia" 

 (Acts 15)

48-57?  Paul writes Galations

49-50  Paul in Corinth (Acts 18)

50?  Peshitta translation begun, Hebrew OT->Syriac Aramaic, (Greek NT in 400)

50?  Ascension of Isaiah, original written in Hebrew (Ethiopic Bible)

51-52  Paul writes 1 Thes

51-52  Paul writes 2 Thes

53-62  Paul writes Phil

54-68  Nero emperor of Rome

56  Paul writes 1 Corin

57  Paul writes Romans

57  Paul writes 2 Corin

57  Paul's last visit to Jerusalem [Acts21]

58  Paul arrested, imprisoned in Caesarea [Acts25:4]

59  Nero kills his mother, Agrippina

60  Paul imprisoned in Rome (Acts 28,16)

61-63?  Paul? writes Ephesians

61-63  Paul writes Philemon

61-63  Paul writes Colossians

61-63?  Paul? writes 1,2 Timothy, Titus, known as "pastoral epistles" 

62?  James written by leader of Jerusalem community? (Gal 2,9?), "catholic" 

 epistle

62  Paul martyred for treason in Rome

62  {Being therefore this kind of person [i.e., a heartless Sadducee], Ananus, 

 thinking that he had a favorable opportunity because Festus had died and 

 Albinus was still on his way, called a meeting [literally, "sanhedrin"] of 

 judges and brought into it the brother of Jesus-who-is-called-Messiah, 

 James by name, and some others. He made the accusation that they had 

 transgressed the law, and he handed them over to be stoned.} 

 [JA20.9.1,Marginal Jew,p.57]

62 Nero kills his wife Octavia and marries Poppaea Sabina

64 Great fire of Rome, started by Nero and blamed on Christians, {Therefore to  squelch the rumor , Nero  created scapegoats and subjected to the most refined tortures those whom   the common people called "Christians," [a group] hated for their abominable  crimes. Their name comes from Christ, who, during the reign of Tiberius, had  been executed by the procurator Pontius Pilate. Suppressed for the moment,  the deadly superstition broke out again, not only in Judea, the land which  originated this evil, but also in the city of Rome, where all sorts of   horrendous and shameful practices from every part of the world converge  and are fervently cultivated.} [Tacitus Annals 15.44;Marginal   Jew;Meier;p.89-90]

64-95?  1 Peter written in Rome, by Peter the apostle?, "catholic" epistle

65-125  Period in which 4 Gospels, Acts, Revelations, and remaining epistles written 

 - Peter martyred before 1st Holy Gospel is written, 7 Popes before last 

 epistle is completed

65?  Q written, (German:Quelle, meaning "source") a hypothetical Greek text used 

 in writing of Matthew and Luke

65-150  Didache: Instructions of the Apostles written

65-150  Dialogue of the Savior, Gospel of Peter 

65-150  Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1224 fragments: pub. 1914

65-150  Gospel of Thomas written, based on Q?, pub. 1959, Greek originals: Papyrus 

 Ox. 1,654-5

65-175  Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 840 fragments: pub. 1908

65-175  Papyrus Egerton 2 (Unknown Gospel) fragments: pub. 1935/87, in Greek 

 from Palestine, one of the oldest extant Christian texts (~175)

65-250  Papyrus Fayum (P. Vindob. G. 2325) fragments: pub. 1887

65-350  "Jewish-Christian Gospels": 7 fragments of Gospel of the Ebionites and 7 

 fragments of Gospel of the Hebrews in Greek; 36 fragments of Gospel of the 

 Nazarenes in Aramaic; [Ref: NT Apocrypha, W. Schneemelcher, vol. 1]

66-70  Roman-Jewish War: final destruction of Second Temple (Herod's Temple)

67  Peter martyred, crucified upside down in Rome

67-78  Pope Linus, 2nd Pope, succeeds Peter (Linus mentioned in 2 Tm 4,21)

67  General Vespasian of Rome conquers Galilee

68  Nero commits suicide, resurrects as "Nero redivivus", Rev's 666? (see 81)

68  Galba emperor of Rome (6/68-1/69)

68  Qumran (Essenes?) community destroyed by Rome, site of Dead Sea Scrolls 

 found in 1949 

69  Otho emperor of Rome (1/69-4/69)

69  Vitellius emperor of Rome (6/69-12/69)

69  Flavian Dynasty of Rome (Vespian, Titus, Domitian)

69-79  Vespian emperor of Rome, quells unrest in Rome and Jerusalem

70  Collapse of Jewish self-government in Judea and destruction of the Temple in 

 Jerusalem

70  Gospel according to Mark written in Rome, by Peter's interpreter? (1 Peter 

 5,13), original ending apparently lost, endings added c 400

70?  "Signs Gospel" written, hypothetical Greek text used in Gospel of John to 

 prove Jesus is the Messiah

72:Jul. 3 Martyrdom of St. Thomas in the vicinity of Mylapore, Madras

70-640  Sanhedrin (High Court) period of Judaism, rise of house of Hillel

75-90  Gospel according to Luke written, based on Mark and Q

75-90  Acts of the Apostles written, same author as Gospel according to Luke

79-81  Titus emperor of Rome, eldest son of Vespasian

79-91  Pope Anacletus, 3rd Pope, known as "blameless" (as in Titus 1,7?)

79  Mt Vesuvius, volcano overlooking Naples Bay, erupts, engulfs Pompeii

80-85  Gospel according to Matthew written, based on Mark and Q, most popular in 

 early Church

81-96  Domitian emperor of Rome, son of Vespasian, "Nero redivivus?" (see 68)

81-96  Revelations written, by John (son of Zebedee) and/or a disciple of his

90-100  1 John written, by author(s) of 4th gospel, "catholic" epistle

90-100  2,3 John written, by "elder", disciple of John (son of Zebedee)?, "catholic" 

 epistle

90-100  Gospel according to John written, by John (son of Zebedee) and others, only 

 eyewitness to Jesus?, disciple Jesus loved?, Gnostic?

90?  Josephus claims exactly 22 Jewish (OT) books: 5 Law, 13 History, 4 Hymns

91-101  Pope Clement I, 4th Pope, (mentioned in Phil 4,3), wrote letter to Corinth in 

 95 called "1 Clement"

94  "Jewish Antiquities", by Josephus in Aramaic, trans. to Grk., Testimonium 

 Flavianum: {At this time there appeared Jesus, a wise man. For he was a 

 doer of startling deeds, a teacher of people who receive the truth with 

 pleasure. And he gained a following both among many Jews and among many 

 of Greek origin. And when Pilate, because of an accusation made by the 

 leading men among us, condemned him to the cross, those who had loved him 

 previously did not cease to do so. And up until this very day the tribe of 

 Christians (named after him) has not died out.} [JA18.3.3 Meier redaction, 

 Marginal Jew, p.61]

96?  Hebrews written, by ?

96-98  Nerva emperor of Rome

98-116  Trajan emperor of Rome, Roman empire reaches maximum size

100?  Odes of Solomon, written in Greek or Syriac, ref by John? (Apocrypha)

100?  Epistle of Barnabas, Christian exegesis of LXX (AF = Apostolic Fathers)

100?  2 Clement, an old sermon but not by Clement (AF = Apostolic Fathers)

100?  2 Esdras (Vg:4 Esdras), Hebrew?, claims 24 OT books (Vulgate & Peshitta)

100?  Apocalypse of Baruch (2 Baruch:Syriac, 3 Baruch:Greek) (Peshitta)

100?  Paralipomena of Jeremiah (4 Baruch), written in Hebrew (Ethiopic Bible)

100?  Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, Aramaic and Hebrew fragments found 

 at Qumran Caves 1,4 (Armenian Bible)

100?  Jude written, probably by doubting relative of Jesus (Mark 6,3), rejected by 

 some early Christians due to its reference to apocryphal Book of Enoch 

 (v14), "catholic" epistle

100-125?  2 Peter written, by ?, not accepted into canon until early 400s, drew upon 

 Epistle of Jude, "catholic" epistle

100-150  Secret Book (Apocryphon) of James, Gospel of Mary Magdalene, Infancy 

 Gospels of Thomas and James, Secret Gospel (of Mark) (Complete Gospels)

100:New Testament canon

72-1653:Rule of Arch Deacons in Malankara

101-109  Pope Evaristus, 5th Pope

109-116  Pope Alexander, 6th Pope

110?  Letter of Polycarp to the Philippians, written by Polycarp (160) (AF)

110?  "Letters of Ignatius", bishop of Antioch, martyred in Rome, his letters were 

 subjected to heavy Christian forgery esp. 4th cent. (Apostolic Fathers)

116-125  Pope Sixtus I, 7th Pope

117-138  Hadrian emperor of Rome, builds wall across Britain

125-350  Period of Christianity during which the first Bible was assembled - Christians 

 are fiercely persecuted and then finally tolerated by the Roman Empire, Great 

 Plague in Rome

125-136  Pope Telesphorus, 8th Pope, martyred

125?  Papyrus 52: oldest extant NT fragment, p.1935, parts of Jn18:31-33,37-38

125?  Shepherd of Hermas, written in Rome (AF = Apostolic Fathers)

130-200  "Christian Apologists" writings against Roman Paganism by: Justin Martyr 

 (165), Athenagoras (180?), Aristides (145?), Theophilus of Antioch (185?), 

 Tatian (170), Quadratus (130?), Melito of Sardis (180?), Apollinaris of 

 Hierapolis (180?), also Epistle to Diognetus in Apostolic Fathers

130?  "Gospel of Basilides", a 24 book commentary?, lost

130?  Papias, bishop of Hierapolis in Asia Minor, wrote: "Expositions of the Sayings 

 of the Lord", lost, widely quoted, see Eusebius (340) (AF)

130?  Aquila of Pontus, Roman convert to Christianity then to Judaism, student of 

 Rabban Gamaliel, compiled literal Greek OT translation in Jabneh (Jamnia)

132-135  Bar Kokhba Revolt: final Jewish revolt, Judea and Jerusalem erased from 

 maps, all of southern Syria renamed Palestine (coined by Herodotus)

138-161  Antoninus Pius emperor of Rome

138-142  Pope Hyginus, 9th Pope

140  Letters of Marcion, produces his own canon without OT and using only a 

 heavily edited Luke + 10 Pauline Epistles, cites "Western" Gospel text-type

140?  Apocalypse of Peter, written in Greek [NT Apocrypha,Schneemelcher,v.2]

142-155  Pope Pius I, 10th Pope

150?  Gospel of the Egyptians, Coptic translation of orig. Greek (Nag Hammadi)

150?  "Western Revisor" adds/subtracts from original Acts to produce "Western" 

 version which is 10% larger and found in Papyrus P29,38,48 and Codex 

 Bezae (D)

150?  Papyrus Chester Beatty 6: R963, Greek Num 5:12-36:13, Deut 1:20-34:12

154-222:Bardesan of Edesa wrote Act of Thomas

165:Relics of St.Thomas translated to Edesa

155-166  Pope Anicetus, 11th Pope

160?  Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, martyred at age 86: "Let. to Philip." (110)

160?  Martyrdom of Polycarp, in Greek (Apostolic Fathers, ISBN:0-8010-5676-4)

161-180  Marcus Aurelius emperor of Rome

164-180  Great Plague in Roman Empire

166-174  Pope Soter, 12th Pope, moved Easter from Nisan 14 to following Sunday

170  Letters of Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons, cites "Western" Gospel text-type

170  Christian council on Montanist sect in Asia Minor

170  Letters of Dionysius, bishop of Corinth, claims Christians were changing and 

 faking his own letters just as [he knew] they had changed the Gospels

170  Tatian produces "Diatessaron" (Harmony) by blending 4 "Western" text-type 

 Gospels into 1

170?  Symmachus, an Ebionite, writes an entirely new Greek OT translation

174-189  Pope Eleutherius, 13th Pope

175?  Acts of Paul (inc. 3 Cor.), in Greek [NT Apocrypha,Schneemelcher,v.2]

180-192  Commodus emperor of Rome

185-350  Canon Muratorian, 1st extant for NT?, written in Rome by Hippolytus?, 

 excludes Hebrews, James, 1-2 Peter, 3 John; includes Wisdom of Solomon, 

 Apocalypse of Peter

189-198  Pope Victor I, 1st Latin Pope, 14th Pope, excommunicated Eastern churches 

 that continued to observe Easter on Nisan 14 "Quartodeciman", (see 166, 

190)

190  Christian council to determine "official" date of Easter

190:Pantaenus, (probably the founder of the famous Catechetical School of Alexandria) visited Malankara and the Nazranies

193-211  Septimius Severus emperor of Rome

197  Writings of Apollonius, uses the term "catholic" in reference to 1 John

198-217  Pope Zephyrinus, 15th Pope

200  Bishop of Antioch notes Gospel of Peter (see 65?) being used in Cilicia

200?  Papyrus 66: 2nd Bodmer, John, 1956, "Alexandrian/Western" text-types: 

 Jn 1:1-6:11,35-7:52;8:12-14:26,29-30;15:2-26;16:2-4,6-7,10-

 20:20,22-23,25-21:9

200?  Papyrus 75: Bodmer 14-15, Luke & John, earliest extant Luke, ~Vaticanus; 

 Lk3:18-22,33-4:2,34-5:10,37-6:4,10-7:32,35-39,41-43,46-9:2,4-

 17:15,19-18:18; 22:4-24:53; Jn1:1-7:52;8:12-11:45,48-57;12:3-

 13:1,8-9;14:8-30;15:7-8

200?  Papyrus 46: 2nd Chester Beatty, "Alexandrian" text-type: Rm5:17-6:3,5-

 14;8:15-25,27-35,37-9:32;10:1-11:22,24-33,35-15:9,11-16:27;Hb1:1-

 9:16,18-10:20,22-30,32-13:25;1Cr1:1-9:2,4-14:14,16-15:15,17-

 16:22;2Cr1:1-11:10,12-21,23-13:13;Ep1:1-2:7,10-5:6,8-6:6,8,20-

 24;Gl1:1-8,10-2:9,12-21;3:2-29;4:2-18,20-5:17,20-6:8,10-

 18;Ph1:1,5-15,17-28,30-2:12,14-27,29-3:8,10-21;4:2-12,14-

 23;Cl1:1-2,5-13,16-24,27-2:19,23-3:11,13-24;4:3-12,16-

 18;1Th1:1,9-2:3;5:5-9,23-28

200?  Papyrus 32: J. Rylands Library: Titus 1:11-15;2:3-8

200?  Papyrus 64 (+67): Mt3:9,15;5:20-22,25-28;26:7-8,10,14-15,22-23,31-

 33

200?  Old Syriac (Aramaic) Gospels, Syr(s) & Syr(c), of "Western" text-type

200?  Latin Bible translations begun in Carthage?, originals no longer extant

200?  Sahidic Coptic cop(sa) Bible translations written in Alexendria

212-217  Geta then Caracalla emperors of Rome

216-428:Perumal rule of in Kerala

217-236  Anti-Pope Hippolytus, bishop of Rome, "Logos" sect, 1st Anti-Pope 

 (illegitimate claimants of or pretenders to the papal throne)

217-222  Pope Callistus I, 16th Pope

218-222  Heliogabalus emperor of Rome

220  Goths invade Asia Minor and Balkans

220?  Clement of Alexandria, b.150?, bishop, cites "Alexandrian" NT text-type & 

 Secret Gospel of Mark & Gospel of the Egyptians; wrote: "Exhortations to the 

 Greeks";"Rich Man's Salutation";"To the Newly Baptized"; (Loeb Classics)

222-230  Pope Urban I, 17th Pope

222-235  Alexandar Severus emperor of Rome

223?  Tertullian, wr: "de Spectaculis" (Latin): v30.6 cites rumor Jesus son of 

 prostitute, coined "New Testament", cites "Western" Gospel text-type (Loeb)

225?  Papyrus 45: 1st Chester Beatty, Gospels (Caesarean), Acts (Alexandrian): 

 Mt20:24-32;21:13-19;25:41-26:39; Mk4:36-40;5:15-26,38-6:3,16-

 25,36-50;7:3-15 ,25-8:1,10-26,34-9:9,18-31;11:27-12:1,5-8,13-

 19,24-28; Lk6:31-41,45-7:7;9:26 -41,45-10:1,6-22,26-11:1,6-25,28-

 46,50-12:12,18-37,42-13:1,6-24,29-14:10,17-33; Jn10:7-25,30-

 11:10,18-36,42-57; Ac4:27-36;5:10-21,30-39;6:7-7:2,10-21,32-

 41,52-8:1,14-25,34-9:6,16-27,35-10:2,10-23,31-41;11:2-14,24-

 12:5,13-22;13:6-16,25-36,46-14:3,15-23;15:2-7,19-27,38-16:4,15-

 21,32-40;17:9-17

225?  Papyrus 967: Chester Beatty 9, Greek Ezekiel 11:25-end, ~Codex Vaticanus

230-236  Pope Pontian, 18th Pope

230-250  Christian council of Rome, Demetrius bishop of Alex. condemns Origen who in 

 248 cited a rumor recorded by Celsus that "Jesus fabricated the account of 

 his birth from a virgin. In reality, Jesus' mother was driven out by the 

 carpenter husband to whom she was betrothed because she had committed 

 adultery with a [Roman] soldier named Panthera [thus the ben Pantere of 

 Jewish sources]. Left poor and homeless, she gave birth to Jesus in secret. 

 Jesus later spent time in Egypt, where he hired himself out as a laborer, 

 learned magic, and so came to claim the title of God." [CC1.28-32, Marginal 

 Jew, Meier, p. 223]

231:Jerusalem Synod sanctioned Catholicate of Persia

232: Sassanians become a major power.

236-238  Maximus emperor of Rome, ends Christian schism in Rome by deporting Pope 

 Pontian and anti-Pope Hippolytus to Sardinia where they soon die

236-237  Pope Anterus, 19th Pope

237-250  Pope Fabian, 20th Pope

238-244  Gordian I, II, Balbinus, Pupienus, Gordian III emperors of Rome

240-250  Christian council of Carthage

244-249  Philip the Arabian emperor of Rome

249-251  Decius emperor of Rome

249  Rome celebrates 1000th anniversary

250  Rome steps up persecution of Christians, martyrs revered as saints

250  Letters of Methodius, Pistis Sophia, Porphyry Tyrius; church fathers

250?  Mandeans (followers of John the Baptist) begin compilation of "Ginza"

250?  Papyrus 72: Bodmer 5-11+, pub. 1959, "Alexandrian" text-type: Nativity of 

 Mary; 3Cor; Odes of Solomon 11; Jude 1-25; Melito's Homily on Passover; 

 Hymn fragment; Apology of Phileas; Ps33,34; 1Pt1:1-5:14; 2Pt1:1-3:18;

250?  Papyrus Chester Beatty: #5:R962: Gn8:13-9:2,24:13-46:33,Enoch91-105; 

 #7: I8:18-19:13,38:14-45:5,54:1=60:22; #8: Jr4:30-5:24; #10: Dn1-

 12:13(+Add),Bel4-39,Sus5-end,Esther1:1a-8:6(+Add)

251-253  Gallus emperor of Rome

251-253  Pope Cornelius, 21st Pope

251-258  Anti-Pope Novatian, decreed no forgiveness for sins after baptism

253-260  Valerian emperor of Rome, executes all Bishops, Priests, and Deacons

253-254  Pope Lucius I, 22nd Pope

254  Letters of Origen, Jesus and God one substance, adopted at Council of Nicaea 

 in 325, compiled "Hexapla": 6 versions of LXX side by side: Hebrew, Hebrew 

 transliterated in Greek, Aquila's Greek trans., Symmachus' Greek trans., 

 Origen's revised LXX Greek trans., Theodotion's revised LXX; also 

 Quinta/Sexta/Septima trans., Tetragrammaton in square Hebrew script; 

 cites "Alexandrian" & "Caesarean" NT text-types; Eusebius claimed Origen 

 castrated himself for Christ due to Mt19:12 [EH6.8.1-3]

254-257  Pope Steven I, 23rd Pope, major schism over rebaptizing heretics and 

 apostates

257-258  Pope Sixtus II, 24th Pope, martyred

257  Visigoths and Ostrogoths invade Black Sea area, Franks invade Spain

258  Letters of Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, cites "Western" NT text-type, claims 

 Christians are freely forging his letters to discredit him

260-268  Gallienus emperor of Rome, reverses Valerian, restores Roman Church

260-268  Pope Dionysius, 25th Pope, rebuilds Roman Church after Valerian's massacre

264-268  Christian council on Paul of Samosata, Bishop of Antioch, founder of 

 Adoptionism (Jesus was human until Holy Spirit descended at his baptism)

264?  Letters of Dionysius, bishop of Alexandria, b.190?

267:Catholicos Pappa at Seleucia

268  Goths sack Athens, Sparta, Corinth

268-270  Claudius II emperor of Rome

269-274  Pope Felix I, 26th Pope

270-275  Aurelian emperor of Rome

275-283  Pope Eutychian, 27th Pope, decreed that only beans and grapes be blessed at 

 Mass

275?  Papyrus 47: 3rd Chester Beatty, ~Sinaiticus, Rv9:10-11:3,5-16:15,17-

 17:2

276-282  Marcus Aurelius Probus emperor of Rome

276  Mani, b.215, crucified, founder of Manichaean Christian sect in Persia

283-296  Pope Gaius, 28th Pope

284-305  Diocletian emperor of Rome, notorius persecuter of Christians

285  Roman empire partitioned into Western and Eastern empires

290-345  St Pachomius establishes 1st monastery in Egypt

295:Metropolitan Dawood of the Persian Church visits

296-304  Pope Marcellinus, 29th Pope, apostate, offered pagan sacrifices for 

 Diocletian

300:Metropolitan Daud visited Malankara

300?  Bohairic Coptic cop(bo) Bible translations written in Alexandria

300?  Hesychius of Alex., martyr, translates Hebrew OT to Greek, lost [Jerome]

300?  Papyrus Berlin Codex of Greek Genesis; Papyrus Bodmer 24 of Greek Psalms; 

 Codex Freer of Greek Minor Prophets; all published in 1927

300?  other 3rd century NT witnesses: P1:Mt1:1-9,12,14-20 P4:Lk1:58-59,62-

 2:1, 6-7;3:8-4:2,29-32,34-35;5:3-8,30-6:16 P5:Jn1:23-31,33-

 40;16:14-30;20:11-17, 19-20,22-25 P9:1Jn4:11-12,14-17 P12:Hb1:1 

 P15:1Cr7:18-8:4 P20:Jm2:19-3:9 P22:Jn15:25-16:2,21-32 

 P23:Jm1:10-12,15-18 P27:Rm8:12-22,24-27,33-9:3,5-9 P28:Jn6:8-

 12,17-22 P29:Ac26:7-8,20 P30:1Th4:12-13,16-17;5:3,8-10,12-18,25-

 28;2Th1:1-2 P38:Ac18:27-19:6,12-16 P39:Jn8:14-22 P40:Rm1:24-

 27,31-2:3;3:21-4:8;6:4-5:16;9:16-17:27 P48:Ac23:11-17,23-29 

 P49:Ep4:16-29,31-5:13 P53:Mt26:29-40;Ac9:33-10:1 P65:1Th1:3-

 2:1,6-13 P69:Lk22:41,45-48,58-61 P70:Mt2:13-16,22-3:1;11:26-

 27;12:4-5;24:3-6,12-15 P80:Jn3:34 P87:Pm13-15,24-25 

 #0171:Mt10:17-23,25-32;Lk22:44-56,61-64 #0189:Ac5:3-21 

 #0220:Rm4:23-5:3,8-13 #0212(Diatessaron):Mt27:56-57;Mk15:40-

 42;Lk23:49-51,54;Jn19:38

303-311  Last persecution of Christians in Rome

304  Letters of Victor, bishop of Pettau

306-337  Emperor Constantine the Great, convert to Christianity

306-312  Maxentius emperor of Western Roman Empire

306-308  Pope Marcellus I, 30th Pope, tried removing prior Pope Marcellinus from 

 official records for apostasy, exiled from Rome by Maxentius for disturbing 

 the peace

310  Pope Eusebius, 31st Pope, deported to Sicily with anti-Pope Heraclius by 

 Maxentius

311-314  Pope Miltiades, 32nd Pope, Constantine gives Fausta's palace as papal 

 residence

312  Lucian, founded Exegetical School of Antioch, martyred

312  Constantine defeats Maxentius at Milvian Bridge, reunites Roman Empire

313  Edict of Milan, Constantine establishes toleration of Christianity

313  Miltiades excommunicates Donatus for requiring rebaptism of apostates

314-335  Pope Silvester I, 33rd Pope

314  Council of Arles, called by Constantine against Donatist (Donatus) schism

317  Letters of Lactantius, early Christian church father

321  Constantine decrees Sunday as offical Roman-Christian day of rest

325  Council of Nicaea, called by Constantine against Arianism (336), called 1st 

 great Christian council by Jerome, 1st ecumenical, 318 bishops attend, 

 Nicaean Creed

325:Archbishop John, of Persia and Great India, at the first Ecumenical Council of Nicea

325?  Fayyumic Coptic cop(mf) translation fragment of John 6:11-15:11

330  Old Saint Peter's Basilica dedicated by Constantine, located over the 

 traditional burial site of Saint Peter the Apostle in Rome on Vatican Hill 

331  Seat of Roman Empire moved to Constantinople (formally Byzantium)

336-337  Pope Mark, 34th Pope

336  Arius, Greek theologian - Arianism (Jesus was a created being)

337-350  Roman empire splits again, Constans emperor of West until 350

337-361  Roman empire splits again, Constantius emperor of East until 361

337-352  Pope Julius I, 35th Pope

338  Jewish calendar modified with different year lengths to correct to Solar

340-360 By the Thazhekad Sasanam the Nazranies granted special rights and privileges.

340?  Eusebius of Caesarea (260-340), theologian & church historian, cites 

 "Caesarean" NT text-type, wrote: "Ecclesiastical History" (EH); Loeb 

 Classics: 2 volumes {Papias, bishop of Hierapolis (130?), claims that John  

 the Elder, a disciple of Jesus, told him that Mark "was the interpreter of 

 Peter and wrote down carefully what he remembered of what had been said 

 or done by the Lord, but not in the right order." Also claims that "Matthew 

 composed the sayings in Hebrew [more likely Aramaic] and each one 

 translated them as he could."} [Ref: EH3.39.15, Unauthorized Version, Fox, 

 p.126-127] Eusebius' NT Canon: Recognized Books: 4 Holy Gospels, Acts, 14 

 Pauline Epistles, 1Jn, 1Pt; Disputed Books: Rev, James, Jude, 2Pt, 2-3Jn, 

 Acts of Paul, Hermas, Apocalypse of Peter, Barnabas, Didache, Gospel of the 

 Hebrews; Rejected Books: Gospels of Peter, Thomas, Matthias, Acts of 

 Andrew, John ... [EH3.25], used the term "catholic" to refer to all seven 

 epistles - James; 1,2,3 John; 1,2 Peter; Jude

345:Imigration of Mar Joseph,Cana Thi-oma and others

345:A group of 72 syrian settlers under the leadership of Knanya Thoman arrives in Kodungalloor. Kocharakon Perumal gave brass- copper plaques (Cana Thoma Chepped )to knanya Thoman and his group on which were inscribed the list of the gifts given

350-400  Period of time between the 1st Christian Bible and the 1st Western Christian 

 Bible, during which the books contained in Bibles varied

350  Letters of Adamantius, Firmicus Maternus; early Christian church fathers

350?  Codex Sinaiticus (S or ): earliest Christian Bible, (LXX - 2-

 3Maccabees - Psalms of Solomon - Ps151 + 27NT + Barnabas + Hermas), 

 missing Hermas31.7-end; of "Alexandrian" text-type: most accurate text-

 type

350?  Codex Vaticanus (B): earliest Christian Bible (LXX - 1-4Maccabees - Psalms 

 of Solomon - Ps151 + 27NT), missing Gn1-46:28, Ps105:27-137:6, 1Tm-

 Phm, Heb9:14-end; of "Alexandrian" text-type: most accurate text-type

350?  Papyrus Antinoopolis of Book of Proverbs in Greek, published in 1950

350?  Papyrus Chester Beatty: #4:R961: Greek Gn9:1-44:22; #11: Greek 

 Sir36:28- 37:22,46:6-47:2; #12: Greek Enoch93:12-13,94:7-8,97:6-

 104:13,106:1-107:3

350?  Papyrus Bodmer 45-46: Greek Susanna, Daniel 1:1-20 (Theodotion's LXX)

350?  Canon Cheltenham: 24NT books (excludes James, Jude, Hebrews)

350?  Akhmimic cop(ac) & Sub-Akhmimic cop(ac2) Coptic translations of John

350?  Ulfilas, apostle to the Goths (Germans), translates Greek NT to Gothic

352-366  Pope Liberius, 36th Pope

354:Theophilus of Maldive Islands visited Malankara

354-430  St. Augustine, Latin Bishop considered the founder of formalized Christian 

 theology, church father

355-365  Anti-Pope Felix II, Arianism (336), supported by Constantius II

360  Huns invade Europe, scrolls begin to be replaced by books (Codex)

361-363  Julian the Apostate emperor of East, attempts to revive Paganism

363  Council of Laodicea names 26 NT books (excludes Revelations)

363  Letters of Marius Victorinus, Acacius of Caesarea; early church fathers

364  Council of Laodicea decrees death for Christians who keep 7th day Sabbath

366-384  Pope Damasus I, 37th Pope, hired thugs to massacre rival Ursinians 

 (Liberians)

366-367  Anti-Pope Ursinus, leader of supporters of former Pope Liberius

367  Athanasias, bishop of Alexandria, first citing of modern 27 NT canon

367  Letters of Hilary of Poitiers, Lucifer of Calaris; early church fathers

367  Athanasius, d.373, bishop of Alexandria, first cite of modern 27NT canon

370  Epiphanius, bishop of Salamis, Cyprus; cites 27NT + Wisdom of Solomon

370  Doctrine of Addai at Edessa proclaims 17 book NT canon using Diatessaron 

 (instead of the 4 Gospels) + Acts + 15 Pauline Epistles (inc. 3 Corinthians)

373  Letters of Ephraem Syrus, cites "Western" Acts text-type

378  Letters of Titus of Bostra, Ambrosiaster, Priscillian; church fathers

379-395  Theodosius the Great, last emperor of the united empire

380  Feb 27, Christianity declared official state religion by Theodosius

381  Council of Theodosius at Constantinople, 2nd ecumenical, Jesus had true 

 human soul

382-384  Pope Damasus I has Jerome revise and unify Latin Bibles

383  Roman legions begin to evacuate Britain

384  Jerome presents Pope Damasus I with new Latin Gospels, originals lost

384-399  Pope Siricius, 38th Pope, criticized Jerome

390  Apollinaris of Laodicea, Jesus had human body but divine spirit

390  Letters of Tyconius, Gregory of Nyssa, Didymus of Alex.; church fathers

391?  Ammianus Marcellinus, b.330, Christian historian, wrote: "Res gestae"

393,397  Augustine's Councils, cites exactly 27 NT books (see 354)

395  Theodosius prohibits practice of Pagan rituals including Olympic Games

395  Ausonius, b.310?, Christian governor of Gaul; Loeb Classics 2v (Latin)

396  Alaric, king of the Visigoths, plunders Athens

397  Ambrose, b.333?, bishop & governor of Milan, wrote: "de Fide" ...

399-401  Pope Anastasius I, 39th Pope

400-484  Era between 1st Western Christian Bible and the Great Schism - Christian 

 doctrine is formed, Roman empire ends

400:North Pudukkad church founded

400?  Vulgate Bible, by Jerome?, (340?-420) originals lost, Vulgate Latin text 

 becomes standard Western Christian Bible

400?  Jerome cites "expanded" ending in Mark after Mark 16,14

400?  Jerome adds Pericope of the Adultress (John 7,53-8,11)

400?  Codex Vercellensis it(a): Latin Gospels, of "European" text-type

400?  Peshitta Bible, Syriac (Aramaic) Vulgate, Syr(p), OT + 22 NT, excludes: 

 2Pt, 2-3Jn, Jude, Rev; Peshitta becomes standard Syrian Christian Bible

400?  Codex Bobiensis it(k): ~half of Mt/Mk in Latin, "African" (Carthage) text-

 type, has "shorter" ending of Mark after Mk16:8

401-417  Pope Innocent I, 40th Pope, decreed Roman custom the norm for Christianity

401  Visigoths invade Italy

403  Letters of Epiphanius of Constantia, John Chrysostom; church fathers

410:Council of Seleucia

410  Visigoths sack Rome under king Alaric

414  Letters of Nicetas of Remesiana, Orosius; early Christian church fathers

415  Bishop Cyril of Alex. (444) expels Jews, kills Hypatia with oyster shells

416  Visigoths take Spain

417-418  Pope Zosimus, 41st Pope

418-422  Pope Boniface I, 42nd Pope

418-419  Anti-Pope Eulalius

418  Franks take Gaul

420  St. Jerome, (S.E. Hieronymus), b.340?, Latin scholar; (Loeb Classics)

422-432  Pope Celestine I, 43rd Pope

423  Theodoret, bishop of Cyrrhus, notes Tatian's Harmony (170) in heavy use

424:Council of Markabta

431  Council of Ephesus, 3rd ecumenical, decreed Mary the Mother of God

429  Picts and Scots expelled from southern England by Anglo-Saxon-Jutes

430  St. Augustine, b.354, origin of "Original Sin," church father & philosopher, 

 wrote: "The City of God", "Confessions"; Loeb Classics 10 v. (Latin)

430  Letters of Marcus Eremita, Nilus of Ancyra; Christian church fathers

431  Syrian Christianity splits into East (Nestorian-disagreed with Council of 

 Ephesus) and West (Jacobites)

432  St Patrick begins mission in Ireland

432-440  Pope Sixtus III, 44th Pope

433-453  Attila the Hun, "Scourge of the Gods"

440-461  Pope Leo I, 45th Pope

444  Letters of Cyril of Alexandria, Arnobius the Younger; church fathers

450  Mark's Resurrection of Jesus added to Bible (Mark 16, 9-20)

450?  Codex Alexandrinus (A): (LXX - 1-2Maccabees + 14_Church_Odes + 27NT + 

 1-2Clement), missing 1K12:17-14:9, Ps49:20-79:11, Psalms of Solomon, 

 Mt1-25:6, Jn6:50-8:52, 2Cr4:13-12:6, 1Clement57.7-63.4, 

 2Clement12.5b-end; of "Alexandrian" text-type: most accurate text-type

450?  Codex Bezae (D): Greek/Latin Gospels + Acts; Codex Washingtonianus (W): 

 Greek Gospels; both of "Western" text-type: "fondness for paraphrase"

450?  Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus (C): Greek LXX + 27NT, many gaps

450?  Codex Marchalianus (Q): Greek LXX + Luke + John, many gaps

450?  Codex Ambrosianus (F): Greek Genesis to Joshua

450?  Codex Freer: Greek Deuteronomy and Joshua

450?  Codex Colberto-Sarravianus: Origen's Greek Hexapla LXX of Gen-Judg

450?  Codex Palatinus it(e): Latin Gospels, "African" (Carthage) text-type

450?  Codex Veronensis it(b): Latin Gospels, "European/Vulgate" text-type

450?  Syr(pal), Palestinian Syriac (Aramaic) Gospels, of "Caesarean" text-type

450?  std. Aramaic Targums, T. Onkelos of Torah, T. Jonathan of Prophets

451  Council of Chalcedon, 4th ecumenical, declared Jesus is 2 natures, both 

 human and divine in one, a compromise solution of Jesus god/man schisms

451  Nestorius of Constantinople, Nestorians: Mary was *not* "Mother of God"

451  Letters of Hesychius, Quodvultdeus; early Christian church fathers

454  Eutyches of Constantinople, Monophysites: Jesus was divine but not human

455  Vandals sack Rome

456:Persian Church was moving towards adopting Nestorianism as its faith

457-474  Pope Leo I, 46th Pope, becomes emperor of remaining (eastern) Roman 

 empire

461-468  Pope Hilarus, 47th Pope

463  Letters of Prosper of Aquitaine, early Christian church father

466  Letters of Shenute of Atripe, Theodoret of Cyrrhus; early church fathers

468-483  Pope Simplicius, 48th Pope

474-491  Zeno, eastern Roman emperor

476  Official end of western Roman empire, last emperor Romulus Augustulus

480:St. Hormis church, Angamaly founded

480-547  St. Benedict, founded the Benedictines

483-492  Pope Felix III (II), 49th Pope

484-640  Period between Great Schism and the destruction of the Library of Alexendria 

 - After the end of the Roman Empire, the Catholic Church sees a period of 

 turmoil and division, Europe's population "halved" by plague, great 

 earthquakes occur

484-519  Acacian schism, over "Henoticon" divides Eastern (Greek) and Western 

 (Roman) churches. Photinus, deacon of Thessalonica, was of the Greek 

 church and held to the Acacian heresy, which denied the divine paternity of 

 Christ. Photinus persuaded emperor Anastasius I to accept the Acacian 

 heresy.

484  Letters of Vigilius of Thapsus, early Christian church father

489  Zeno destroys Nestorian (451) school at Edessa, erects Church of St Simeon

491  Armenian Church seceds from East (Byzantium) and West (Rome) churches

491-518  Anastasius I eastern Roman emperor

492-496  Pope Gelasius I, 50th Pope, "Vicar of Christ" is first used as another title

496-498  Pope Anastasius II

498  Nestorians (451) settle in Nisibis, Persia

498-514  Pope Symmachus

514-523  Pope Hormisdas

523-526  Pope John I, martyr

498:Nestorian Catholicate formed in Persia

498-506  Anti-Pope Lawrence, Lawrencian schism

500:Enammavu church founded

500  Incense introduced in Christian church service, first plans of Vatican

500?  Codex Sangallensis vg: earliest extant Latin Vulgate, Gospels

500?  Codex Argenteus (got): earliest nearly complete Gothic (German), Gospels

500?  Codex Cottonianus: Greek Genesis

502  Narsai of Mealletha, Syrian poet, heads Nestorian school in Nisibis(498)

503:St. George church, Edappally founded

510:Udayamperore (Diamper) church built.

518-527  Justin I: emperor of Byzantine (former eastern Roman) empire

522:Cosmas Indicopleustes visits South India.

552:Alexandrian merchant Cosmas Indicopleustus visited Malankara

524  Boethius, b.480?, Roman Christian philosopher, wrote: "Theological 

 Tractates", "Consolation of Philosophy"; (Loeb Classics) (Latin)

525  Dionysius Exiguus sets Christian calendar (a.d.) & Jesus' birth @ 23 Dec 1AD

526  Earthquake in Antioch kills 250,000

526-530  Pope Felix IV (III)

527-565  Justinian the Great, Byzantine emperor

527  Letters of Fulgentius, early Christian church father

529  Justinian closes 1000yr Athen's School of Philosophy, declared Paganistic

530-532  Pope Boniface II

530  Anti-Pope Dioscorus

532-535  Pope John II

533  N. Africa captured by Belisarius from Vandals, becomes Byzantine province

534-870  Malta becomes Byzantine province

535-536  Pope Agapitus I

536-537  Pope Silverius, martyr

537-555  Pope Vigilius, involved in death of Pope Silverius, conspired with Justinian 

 and Theodora, excommunicated by N. African bishops in 550

539-562  War between Byzantine empire and Persia

542  Plague in Constantinople from Egyptian and Syrian rats, spreads to Europe

543  Justinian condemns Origen (254), disastrous earthquakes hit the world

541-546  Codex Fuldensis vg(F): Latin Vulgate, 27NT + Epistle to Laodiceans

544  Justinian condemns the "3 Chapters" of Theodore of Mopsuestia (d.428) and 

 other writings of "2-natures" Christology of Council of Chalcedon (451)

547  Pope Vigilius issues "Iudicatum" supporting Justinian's anti-"2-natures"

547  Plague reaches Britain

548  Letters of Apringius Pacensis, early Christian church father

550-1453  Medieval Greek of Constantinople (Byzantium) becomes standard Greek

550  Byzantine Greek Text, standard Eastern Bible, much smoothing & conflation

550  St. David converts Wales to Christianity, crucifix becomes Christian icon

550?  Codex Claromontanus (Dp): Greek/Latin Pauline Epistles + Canon of ~250AD 

 lists 27NT+Barnabas+Hermas+Acts_of_Paul+Apocalypse_of_Peter; 

 "Western" type

550?  Codex Mediolanensis vg(M): Latin Vulgate Gospels

550?  Codex Veronensis: Greek & Old Latin Psalms

555  2nd Council of Constantinople, 5th ecumenical, called by Justinian

559:Yakoub Burdana consecrated Ahoudemme

556-561  Pope Pelagius I, selected by Justinian, endorsed "Iudicatum" (547)

561-574  Pope John III, authorized by Justinian

565-578  Justin II, Byzantine emperor

567  Letters of Primasius, Cassiodorus; early Christian church fathers

570:Birth of Mohammad, Prophet of Islam in Mecca.

572-628  War between Byzantine empire and Persia

575-579  Pope Benedict I, authorized by Justin II, 

578:Death of Mar Yakoub Burdana

578-582  Tiberius II, Byzantine emperor

579-590  Pope Pelagius II, died of plague

582-602  Maurice, Byzantine emperor

587  Visigoths of Spain converted to Christianity

589  Lombards of Italy converted to Christianity

590  Plague in Rome

590-604  Pope Gregory I, commanded that a way be found to collect and preserve the 

 singing of the Benedictine monks of Santo Domingo de Silos (now known as 

 Gregorian Chant)

594  End of plague which began in 542 and "halved" the population of Europe!

596  St. Augustine of Canterbury sent to convert Britain to Christianity

600?  Codex Harleianus vg(Z): Latin Vulgate Gospels

600?  Codex Philoxenian/Harclean Syr(ph/h): Syriac 27NT, "Western" text-type

602-610  Phocas, Byzantine emperor after killing Maurice

604-606  Pope Sabinian, authorized by Phocas

606-607  Pope Boniface III, authorized by Phocas

607-615  Pope Boniface IV, authorized by Phocas

609  Roman Pantheon (a Pagan Temple) renamed Church of Santa Maria Rotonda

610-641  Heraclius, Byzantine emperor after killing Phocas

611  Mohammed's reported vision of Allahon Mount Hira

614  Persians take Damascas and Jerusalem and "Holy Cross of Christ"

615  earliest records of some of Mohammed's teachings

615-618  Pope Deusdedit

619-625  Pope Boniface V, authorized by Heraclius

622-680  Monothelite controversy: condemned at 6th Ecum. Council of Constantinople

622  first year in Muslim calendar, The Hegira, 1a.h., (a.h. = anno hegirae)

624  Mohammed marries Aisha, daughter of Abu Bekr

625  Paulinus of Rome comes to convert Northumbria to Christianity

625-638  Pope Honorius I

625  Mohammed begins dictation of Qur'an (Koran) to his scribe

626  King Edwin of Northumbria founds Edinburgh and begins Christianization

627  Byzantines defeat Persians at Nineveh

628-643:Isho Yahab was the Nestorian Patriarch

628  Emperor Heraclius wins back "Cross of Christ" from Persians

628  Mohammed captures Mecca & writes to rulers of the world explaining Islam

629:Consecration of Morooso as 1st Malpan

629  Heraclius recovers Jerusalem from Persians

629  Pope Honorius I sides with Emperor Heraclius and Monothelites (622)

632  Mohammed, b. 570?, Arab prophet and founder of Islam

632  East Anglia Christianized

632  Abu Bekr, first Islamic Caliph, seat at Medina

634  Omar I, 2d Caliph, takes Syria/Persia/Egypt;defeats Heraclius in Holy War

635  Christianization of Wessex

635-750  Damascus becomes capital of Islamic Caliphs

636  Southern Irish Church submits to Roman Catholicism

637  Jerusalem captured by Islam

638  Emp. Heraclius' "Ecthesis", decrees Christ of one nature: "Monothelites"

640  Pope Severinus

640  Library of Alexandria, "The Center of Western Culture," with 300,000 

 ancient papyrus scrolls, is completely distroyed.

640-1380  Period between destruction of Library of Alexandria and the first complete 

 English translation of the Bible

640-642  Pope John IV

642-649  Pope Theodore I

649-654  Pope Martin I, martyr

654-657  Pope Eugene I

657-673  Pope Vitalian

673-676  Pope Adeodatus II

676-678  Pope Donus

678-682  Pope Agatho

682-684  Pope Leo II

684-685  Pope Benedict II

685-686  Pope John V

686-687  Pope Conon

687  Anti-Pope Theodore

687  Anti-Pope Paschal

687-701  Pope Sergius I

690?  Earliest Bible translations into England's vernacular, continued work by Bede 

 and others from this point forward

701-705  Pope John VI

705-708  Pope John VII

708  Pope Sisinnius

708-715  Pope Constantine

715-731  Pope Gregory II

731-741  Pope Gregory III

741-752  Pope Zachary

750?  Tower added to St Peter's Basilica at the front of the atrium

752-757  Pope Stephen II (III)

757-768  Pope Paul I

767  Anti-Pope Constantine

768  Anti-Pope Philip

768-772  Pope Stephen III (IV)

772-795  Pope Adrian I

774:13th century- Viraraghavan Perumal gave a copper plaque (Vira Raghavan Perumal Chepped) granting certain titles and privileges to Eravikarthen of Mahadevar Pattanam (Kollam).9th century- persian- palavi scripts engraved on stone crosses are installed in the churches in Kerala- Knanya Valiya Palli, Kottayam,Kadamattom, Alangad,Muttuchira Catholic Church

780-823:Thimothy I was the Patriarch

795-816  Pope Leo III

800-1102:Kulasekhara rule in Malankara

816-817  Pope Stephen IV (V)

817-824  Pope Paschal I

823:Immigration of Mar Sabresho,Mar Aphrod at Kollam

824-827  Pope Eugene II

825-858:Theodosius was the Patriarch

827  Pope Valentine

827-844  Pope Gregory IV

844  Anti-Pope John

844-847  Pope Sergius II

847-855  Pope Leo IV

849:King Ayyanadikal of Venad, by the Tharisappalli copper plate grants reconfirms the 72 royal privileges of the Nazranies (Kollam Chepped) 850?  King Alfred translation of several Bible books into English vernacular, also 

 done by Aldhelm and Aelfric

855-858  Pope Benedict III

855  Anti-Pope Anastasius

856  Earthquake in Corinth kills 45,000

858-867  Pope Nicholas I

867-872  Pope Adrian II

868:Kaphthurtha Synod

872-882  Pope John VII

882-884  Pope Marinus I

883:King Alfred's envoys Sighelm and Aethelstan conveys alms to St.Thomas in India

884-885  Pope Adrian III

885-891  Pope Stephen V (VI)

891-896  Pope Formosus

896  Pope Boniface VI

896-897  Pope Stephen VI (VII)

897  Pope Romanus

897-898  Pope Theodore II

898-900  Pope John IX

900-903  Pope Benedict IV

903-904  Pope Leo V

903  Anti-Pope Christopher

904-911  Pope Sergius III

905:Mar Dehanaha,Raban,Younan,Maravan at Malankara.

911-913  Pope Anastasius III

913-914  Pope Landus

914-928  Pope John X

928  Pope Leo VI

928-931  Pope Stephen VII (VIII)

931-936  Pope John XI

936-939  Pope Leo VII

939-942  Pope Stephen VIII (IX)

942-946  Pope Marinus II

946-955  Pope Agapitus II

955-963  Pope John XII

963-964  Pope Leo VIII

964-965  Pope Benedict V

965-973  Pope John XIII

973-974  Pope Benedict VI

974  Anti-Pope Boniface VII

974-983  Pope Benedict VII

983-985  Pope John XIV

985-996  Pope John XV

988:Mar Yuhanon Metropolitan(Persian Bishop) at Malankara

996-999  Pope Gregory V

997  Anti-Pope John XVI

999-1003  Pope Sylvester II

1003-1004  Pope John XVII

1004-1009  Pope John XVIII

1009-1012  Pope Sergius IV

1012-1024  Pope Benedict VIII

1012  Anti-Pope Gregory

1024-1032  Pope John XIX

1032-1045  Pope Benedict IX

1045  Pope Sylvester III

1045  Pope Benedict IX

1045-1046  Pope Gregory VI

1046-1047  Pope Clement II

1047-1048  Pope Benedict IX

1048-1049  Pope Damasus II

1049-1055  Pope Leo IX

1054  Split between Eastern and Western churches formalized, Orthodox Church 

 founded

1055-1057  Pope Victor II

1056:Mar Yuseph Metropolitan(Persian Bishop) at Malankara

1057-1059  Pope Stephen IX (X)

1057  Earthquake in Cilicia (Asia Minor) kills 60,000

1058  Anti-Pope Benedict X

1059-1061  Pope Nicholas II

1061-1073  Pope Alexender II

1061  Anti-Pope Honorius I